This volume provides an authoritative, evenhanded overview of the Trump administration's family separation and child detention policies at the U.S.-Mexico border-and the impact of those policies and actions on children, their parents, border security, and U.S. politics. The 21st Century Turning Points series is a one-stop resource for understanding the people and events changing America today. Each volume provides readers with a clear, authoritative, and unbiased understanding of a single issue or event that is driving national debate about our nation's leaders, institutions, values, and priorities. This particular volume is devoted to the issue of child migrant detention on the U.S.-Mexico border. It provides background information on the political, social, and economic forces driving undocumented immigration into America; explains the policies and records of both the Obama and Trump administrations on immigration, deportation, and border security; summarizes current laws and regulations governing U.S. border and immigration policies; recounts President Trump's rhetoric and record on both legal and "illegal" immigration, including his promise to build a "Border Wall" with funds from Mexico; surveys living conditions in the border detention centers operated by U.S. authorities; and discusses the impact of detention and family separation on children taken into custody. Entries devoted to specific events and milestones Biographical profiles of important activists and figures Essays that explore the lasting impact of child detention on migrant children, their families, immigration trends, and American politics and society Annotated bibliography of sources for further study

This three-volume set concludes ABC-CLIO's groundbreaking series on the Industrial Revolution as it played out in the United States, offering volumes on the communications industry and the agriculture and meatpacking industries—plus a concluding overview volume on the causes, courses, and interconnections among the industries that brought such dramatic change to our lives. The concluding three-volume set in ABC-CLIO's landmark Industrial Revolution in America series offers vivid reminders of how this economic renaissance changed virtually every facet of American life. Communications takes readers from the telegraph to the telephone and beyond, showing how improvements in communication (aided by better transportation) helped create a truly national marketplace. Agriculture and Meatpacking details the shift of agriculture from family farms and local trade to mass production and agribusiness, sparking the development of a full range of farm machinery and spawning the rise of a new metropolis practically overnight. The concluding Overview/Comparison volume looks at the Industrial Revolution as a whole—revealing the impact of various industries on each other and gauging the revolution's broader social and political legacy in the United States and around the world.

Covers the emergence of the automobile manufacturing, mining and petroleum, and textile industries and their separate and interconnected roles in the overall Industrial Revolution that transformed the United States and the world. This three-volume set from ABC-CLIO's Industrial Revolution in America series draws on the latest research to tell the stories of the industry that started the United States down the road toward economic revolution (textiles), the industry that represented the revolution's ultimate destination (automobiles), and the industry that fueled the journey by turning the nation's natural resources into sources of wealth and power. How did the mid-19th century "bicycle boom" pave the way for America's car culture? What role did the mining industry play in settling the West? Why did Thomas Jefferson find the rise of textile manufacturing troubling? What roles did other industries play in the phenomenal development of these three—and vice versa? The answers to these and other probing questions lie in this remarkable set.

This volume provides a concise but authoritative overview of the Never Again Movement, which arose in the aftermath of a mass shooting that killed 17 people at a high school in Parkland, Florida, in February 2018. This volume in the 21st Century Turning Points series, a one-stop resource for understanding the people and events changing America today, analyzes school shootings and examines the broader issue of gun violence in America. It focuses on the history of school shootings in the United States and the debate that has raged for decades between gun control advocates and supporters of gun ownership rights. School Shootings and the Never Again Movement: 21st Century Turning Points provides a broad perspective on these issues. It recounts the evolution of gun politics and policy throughout the twentieth century, explains the positions and activities of organizations and activists on both sides of the gun debate, details notorious school shootings ranging from Columbine to Parkland, and explores the potential impact of the Never Again Movement on American gun policy at the state and federal levels. Provides entries devoted to individual events as well as milestones Offers biographical profiles to help readers understand the motivations and accomplishments of important activists and figures Presents essays that explore the lasting impact of school shootings and the Never Again Movement on American life Features an annotated bibliography that gives readers resources for further study

This concise yet comprehensive reference book provides an overview of the Black Lives Matter movement, from its emergence in response to the police-involved deaths of unarmed black people to its development as a force for racial justice in America. This much-needed reference text places the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement within the broader context of the African American struggle for equality in America, from the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s to the violent protests against white supremacy that took place in Charlottesville in 2017. Specific topics include the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin in Florida in 2012, which gave rise to the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter; the fatal shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014, which launched the rise of the movement; and the fatal shootings of police officers in Dallas, Texas, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 2016, which sparked bitter backlash. It also covers the virulent alt-right backlash against BLM and the ways in which BLM leaders are responding to the challenge. Features of the book include an introduction; seven topical chapters covering the historical background to, origin and growth of, and backlash against the Black Lives Matter movement; and a conclusion. In addition, ten biographical "snapshots" cover key individuals involved with the movement, and eight primary source documents further illuminate issues discussed in the text. Other features include a timeline, an annotated bibliography, and a subject index. Provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the origin, growth, and development of the Black Lives Matter movement Explores how modern activists employ social media as a force for social change Examines the emergence of white supremacy and white nationalism as a part of a cultural backlash against the Black Lives Matter movement Presents current information and statistics on racial injustice in America Explores how the civil rights movement, Black Power movement, and hip-hop culture have shaped and influenced the fight for racial justice

Since mid-2018, when she registered one of the biggest primary election upsets in the nation, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has emerged as one of the most influential voices of the progressive wing of the Democratic Party. Few politicians have experienced a rise as meteoric as the one that Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (or AOC, as she is commonly known) has experienced since her June 2018 Democratic primary upset victory over a powerful, longtime incumbent and her subsequent triumph in the November 2018 midterms. This book will examine how the telegenic lawmaker-a life-long New Yorker of Puerto Rican descent-engineered that startling victory, why her life story and ideas made her such a focus of national attention, how she has used Twitter and other social media to amplify her calls for economic justice and civil rights equality, and why, since she took office in January 2019, she has come to be regarded as one of the most consequential and influential lawmakers in Congress. It will also help readers understand AOC's most deeply held political convictions, policymaking priorities, and personal principles. Provides in-depth coverage of all aspects of Ocasio-Cortez's personal history and political career Explains the values and beliefs that animate Ocasio-Cortez's political activism and policy priorities Chapter bibliographies of print and electronic resources recommended for further study Notes important dates in AOC's life and political career in a chronology

This volume provides a concise but authoritative overview of the #MeToo Movement and its enormous impact on American society, from the studios of Hollywood to factories, campuses, and offices across the country. The 21st Century Turning Points series is a one-stop resource for understanding the people and events changing America today. The #MeToo Movement is devoted to the issue that brought sexual harassment out of the shadows of American culture and into the spotlight. Sparked by revelations of decades of sexual harassment by powerful Hollywood executive Harvey Weinstein, the movement quickly uncovered similar abusive behavior by numerous other famous public figures. It also revealed the extent to which sexual harassment has been a persistent problem in many workplace settings across America and the ways in which girls and women are subjected to degrading and discriminatory treatment because of their gender. The book provides a broad perspective on these issues. It discusses late twentieth-century efforts to identify sexual harassment as a longstanding societal problem; explains how the 2016 presidential election brought new attention to this issue; introduces activists who helped to launch the #MeToo Movement; and surveys the impact of the movement on American politics, business, and entertainment. Provides entries devoted to individual events as well as milestones Presents biographical profiles to help readers to understand the motivations and accomplishments of important activists and figures Offers essays that explore the lasting impact of the movement on American life Features an annotated bibliography that directs readers to resources for further study

A concise yet thorough overview of the environmental issues, problems, and controversies facing the vast and diverse continent that is North America. In 1969, a drilling platform off Santa Barbara exploded, leading to one of the greatest oil spills in history. In 1970, the Cuyahoga, one of the world's most polluted rivers, actually caught fire. These environmental catastrophes and countless others, woke North Americans up to the problems of headless economic growth and a frontier attitude that said resources were boundless, and the landscape was a dump for civilization's refuse. North America, one of six titles in the World Environments series, tells the story of this environmental awakening and the continuing problems that the continent faces. It tackles the tough issues, the complex problems, and the political controversies of the North American environment. According to some estimates, one out of every nine barrels of oil used in the world every day is consumed by a North American motorist. Each year, 50 to 100 million tons of hazardous waste are generated in the watershed for the Great Lakes. The Mississippi River has now deposited so much excess nitrogen into the Gulf from agr

A concise yet thorough overview of the environmental issues, problems, and controversies facing the world's largest and most populous continent-Asia. Asia tackles the tough issues, the complex problems, and the political controversies surrounding the environment of this vast landmass. This volume encompasses everything from economics, land use, energy and transportation, to air pollution, rivers and lakes, oceans, and species and habitat protection. In Malaysia, unchecked discharges of industrial waste and human sewage led the government to label 42 of its rivers officially "dead." According to some estimates, Southeast Asia alone accounts for more than half of the world's total transport of sediment to the oceans. In the Philippines, the Chico River dam project, which would have subjected 100,000 tribespeople to relocation, was canceled when the World Bank withdrew funding after fierce resistance from the indigenous people. This fascinating book offers a comprehensive look at how the most populated continent on earth contends with its complicated environment. Interesting sidebar articles, tables and figures, and photographs Overview maps of the continent and a listing of environment-related organizations on the Internet

A concise yet thorough overview of environmental issues, problems, and controversies facing Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica. The paradisiacal islands of the South Pacific. The unworldly landscapes and wildlife of Australia. The frozen expanses of Antarctica. This new title in ABC-CLIO's World Environment Series encompasses some of the most benign-and hellish-places on Earth. How is humanity threatening-and preserving-these diverse and far-flung environments? They are vast, distant, and scarcely populated. Yet the environments of Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica are facing the same threats confronting the rest of the planet, as well as some unique ones of their own. How have human-introduced species impacted Australia's natural order? What new global conventions are helping close Antarctica's ozone hole? And why is global warming threatening the South Pacific's life-teeming coral reefs? The region's governments are grappling with the spectre of global warming, which, if not meaningfullly addressed by industrialized nations half a world away, could produce rising sea levels capable of engulfing several states of Oceania and partially submerging portions of many other inhabited i

A concise yet thorough overview of the environmental issues, problems, and controversies facing the continent of Africa and the Middle East. Examining both the rich biological heritage of the world's second largest continent and the very serious human threats to it, Africa and the Middle East explores the impact global pollution and a burgeoning population are having on landscape and wildlife alike. How is global warming responsible for the rapidly expanding Sahara Desert? Can local populations be recruited to preserve threatened species? Over 80 percent of Madagascar's species are endemic, the highest percentage of any major ecological region in the world, such as the highly endangered aye-aye which resembles a cross between a monkey, a bat, and a woodpecker, and the giraffe-necked weevil, a red rainforest insect with a neck like a fire truck rescue ladder. Readers will learn all about these fascinating species and much more.

A concise yet thorough overview of the environmental issues, problems, and controversies facing Latin America and the Caribbean-from the tip of South America to the Windward Islands. Snowy Andean peaks. Steaming Brazilian rainforest. Lush tropical islands. Few regions on Earth are as diverse or spectacular as Latin America and the Caribbean. And few are as threatened by expanding populations, industrial pollutants, and unsustainable farming methods. Latin America and the Caribbean, a new title in the World Environments series, explores the environmental problems facing our hemispheric neighbors. Home to the longest-mountain range, largest river, and greatest rainforest on Earth, no region on Earth boasts greater geographic extremes, faces greater environmental dangers, and enjoys more economic potential from its biodiversity than Latin America and the Caribbean. What are the political and economic factors affecting the Amazon's rapidly disappearing rainforest? What is being done to harvest life-saving drugs from the plants of the Orinoco? And what lies behind the mysterious disappearance of Central America's frogs? With essays, chronologies, biographies, and directory of organizati

When it comes to the environment, Europe is a land of contrasts. The countries of the West have some of the most vigorous anti-pollution laws and some of the most energetic environmental parties in the world. The countries of the East, saddled with the legacy of a communist system that emphasized economic production over environmental protection, host some of the most ecologically devastated landscapes on the planet. What does the future hold for this ancient continent's environment? issues, the complex problems, and the political controversies surrounding the continent's checkered environmental past, complicated present and uncertain future. The book looks at the catastrophes - in January 2000, a massive spill of cyanide and heavy metals from a gold mining operation in Romania destroyed all biological life in the Tisza, Hungary's second biggest river. The poisons travelled 1000 kilometres through Hungary and Yugoslavia where they wreaked havoc on the Danube. It also examines the progress - European society has shown a greater interest in renewable energy technologies than most other industrialized regions in the last 30 years. Serving as a blueprint for the future, as well as a roadmap of the past, this work offers a look at Europe's ecological history.

The Vietnam War was one of the most painful and divisive events in American history. The conflict, which ultimately took the lives of 58,000 Americans and more than three million Vietnamese, became a subject of bitter and impassioned debate. The most dramatic--and frequently the most enduring--efforts to define and articulate America's ill-fated involvement in Vietnam emerged from popular culture. American journalists, novelists, playwrights, poets, songwriters, and filmmakers--many of them eyewitnesses--have created powerful, heartfelt works documenting their thoughts and beliefs about the war. By examining those works, this book provides readers with a fascinating resource that explores America's ongoing struggle to assess the war and its legacies.

This encyclopedia includes 44 essays, each providing detailed information on an important film, song, or literary work about Vietnam. Each essay provides insights into the Vietnam-era experiences and views of the work's primary creative force, historical background on issues or events addressed in the work, discussion of the circumstances surrounding the creation of the work, and sources for further information. This book also includes an appendix listing of more than 275 films, songs, and literary works dealing with the war.

Focused on a popular topic, this exciting collection gives students and teachers substantial material for discussion and research. The three-volume set shows how television has reflected and influenced American society and culture throughout its history, covering both positive and negative effects. Accessible and interesting as well as informative, this Library includes more than 180 interesting illustrations and sidebars, clear prose, and ideas for activities, research and further reading. A subject index, chronology and words-to-know section are among the many other features supporting student achievement. < P>The Library contains three distinct volumes. The < I>Almanac< /I> looks at the history of television chronologically, starting with the introduction of the technology in the 19th century and ending with issues that face the industry as well as its future outlook. Included in its coverage are the most popular and influential TV programming and seminal moments in TV history. Other subject include networks, viewing trends, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), types of programming (such as Children's, educational, dramas, comedies, news, sports), advertising and the emergence of cable television.< P>< I> Biographies< /I> focuses on television's early pioneers, news figures, performers and executives. Included are engaging portraits of key figures such as Roone Arledge, Lucille Ball, Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby, Walter Cronkite, Norman Lear, William Paley and Barbara Walters. Als presented are in-depth profiles of important and popular TV programs, among them "All in the Family," "Cheers," "The Mary Tyler Moore Show," "Saturday Night Live" and "Monday NightFootball." < P>The < I>Primary Sources< /I> volume collects key documents and writings pertaining to the television industry, including transcripts from Tom Brokaw from the fall of the Berlin Wall and excerpts from "Raising PG Kids in a X-Rated World" and The Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters ("Seal of Good Practice," 1981). For example, in the volume are comparisons of early and more recent advertising, coverage of such news events as JFK's assassination and 9/11, and excerpts from boo by news and industry leaders.

Officially originating in 1941 when a Vietminh guerrilla force was formed under Ho Chi Minh and ending in May 1975 with the fall of Saigon, the Vietnam War took a heavy toll on American troops and greatly affected the political atmosphere of the late 60s and early 70s. "Vietnam War: Almanac" highlights the major events leading up to and during America's involvement in the war that created great political tensions on the home front: Vietnam and French Colonialism Vietnam and the Cold War Early American Involvement in Vietnam The Fall of Diem The War at Home Vietnam's Lasting Impact on America And other topics relating to American involvement

Also included are sidebars, photographs, maps, timelines, "Words to Know" section, and an index.

Focused on a popular topic, this exciting collection gives students and teachers substantial material for discussion and research. The < I>Television in American Society Reference Library< /I> shows how television has reflected and influenced American society and culture throughout its history, covering both positive and negative effects. Accessible and interesting as well as informative, included are illustrations and sidebars, clear prose, and ideas for activities, research and further reading. A subject index, chronology and words-to-know section are among the many other features supporting student achievement. < P>The < I>Almanac< /I> looks at the history of television chronologically, starting with the introduction of the technology in the 19th century and ending with issues that face the industry as well as its future outlook. Included in its coverage are the most popular and influential TV programming and seminal moments in TV history. Other subjects include networks, viewing trends, t Federal Communications Commission (FCC), types of programming (such as Children's, educational, dramas, comedies, news, sports), advertising and the emergence of cable television.